A number of organizations have developed “pathways” or “pillars” for reaching net zero emissions globally by 2050. While there is some variation in terminology, there is remarkable consistency around the core strategies. The World Bank summarizes findings from International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models with required action in four areas: 1. Decarbonize electricity production; 2. Electrify everything and, where not possible, switch to other clean fuels like hydrogen; 3. Improve efficiency and reduce waste; and 4. Preserve and increase natural and artificial carbon removal using forests, other vegetation, and soils.